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As a celebrator of beauty and especially feminine sensuality, it has been said that "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau. He was the father of actor Pierre Renoir — , filmmaker Jean Renoir — and ceramic artist Claude Renoir — He was the grandfather of the filmmaker Claude Renoir — , son of Pierre.

The location of their home, in rue d'Argenteuil in central Paris , placed Renoir in proximity to the Louvre. Although the young Renoir had a natural proclivity for drawing, he exhibited a greater talent for singing. His talent was encouraged by his teacher, Charles Gounod , who was the choirmaster at the Church of St Roch at the time. However, due to the family's financial circumstances, Renoir had to discontinue his music lessons and leave school at the age of thirteen to pursue an apprenticeship at a porcelain factory.

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Although Renoir displayed a talent for his work, he frequently tired of the subject matter and sought refuge in the galleries of the Louvre. The owner of the factory recognized his apprentice's talent and communicated this to Renoir's family. Following this, Renoir started taking lessons to prepare for entry into Ecole des Beaux Arts.

When the porcelain factory adopted mechanical reproduction processes in , Renoir was forced to find other means to support his learning. In , he began studying art under Charles Gleyre in Paris.

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During the Paris Commune in , while Renoir painted on the banks of the Seine River , some Communards thought he was a spy and were about to throw him into the river, when a leader of the Commune , Raoul Rigault , recognized Renoir as the man who had protected him on an earlier occasion. This loss of a favorite painting location resulted in a distinct change of subjects.

Although the critical response to the exhibition was largely unfavorable, Renoir's work was comparatively well received. Hoping to secure a livelihood by attracting portrait commissions, Renoir displayed mostly portraits at the second Impressionist exhibition in By the end of the s, particularly after the success of his painting Mme Charpentier and her Children at the Salon of , Renoir was a successful and fashionable painter.